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						<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="pt"><span dir="auto">Lean startup</span></h1>
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<p><i><b>Lean startup</b></i> é um conjunto de processos usados por <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empreendedor" title="Empreendedor" class="mw-redirect">empreendedores</a> para desenvolver produtos e mercados, combinando <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desenvolvimento_%C3%A1gil_de_software" title="Desenvolvimento ágil de software">Desenvolvimento ágil de software</a>, desenvolvimento de clientela (<i>customer development</i>) e plataformas existentes de software (usualmente <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/FOSS" title="FOSS" class="mw-redirect">FOSS</a>). O conceito foi introduzido por <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eric_Ries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric Ries (página não existe)">Eric Ries</a>.</p>
<p>A iniciativa <i>lean startup</i> defende a criação de protótipos rápidos, projetados para validar suposições de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercado" title="Mercado">mercado</a>, e usa <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feedback" title="Feedback" class="mw-redirect">feedback</a> dos clientes para envolvê-los muito mais rapidamente do que através de práticas de desenvolvimento de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a> mais tradicionais, como o <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Waterfall_model&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waterfall model (página não existe)">Waterfall model</a>. Não é incomum ver <i>lean startups</i> colocando um novo código em produção várias vezes por dia,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-1">1</a></sup> usando práticas conhecidas como <i>continuous deployment</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-2">2</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-3">3</a></sup></p>
<p><i>Lean startup</i> é às vezes descrito como o "pensamento enxuto" (<i><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_manufacturing" title="Lean manufacturing">lean thinking</a></i>)aplicado ao processo empreendedor.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-4">4</a></sup> Um princípio central no pensamento enxuto é reduzir o <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desperd%C3%ADcio" title="Desperdício" class="mw-redirect">desperdício</a>. Os processos de <i>lean startup</i> usam o desenvolvimento de clientela para reduzir o desperdício, incrementando a frequência de contato com clientes reais e assim validando ou eliminando, o mais cedo possível, suposições incorretas sobre mercado.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-5">5</a></sup> Esta abordagem se propõe a melhorar as táticas empreendedoras, reduzindo o trabalho, o <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Custo" title="Custo">custo</a> de validar suposições sobre o mercado e o tempo necessário ao negócio para encontrar tração de mercado. É referida como "produto minimamente viável" (<i>minimum viable produto</i> ou MVP).</p>
<p>Em <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desenvolvimento_de_produto" title="Desenvolvimento de produto" class="mw-redirect">desenvolvimento de produto</a>, o MVP é uma <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrat%C3%A9gia" title="Estratégia">estratégia</a> usada para testes quantitativos e rápidos do mercado de um produto ou das características de um produto, popularizada por Eric Ries, para <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Web" title="Aplicação Web">aplicações web</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-def_6-0" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-def-6">6</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-7">7</a></sup></p>
<p><i>Lean startup</i> se baseia fortemente no processo de <i>Customer Development</i>, descrito no livro <i>The Four Steps to the Epiphany</i> , de Steven Gary Blank,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-8">8</a></sup> e não se aplica apenas a empresas de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecnologia" title="Tecnologia">tecnologia</a>. A ideia de falhar cedo e aprender rápido pode beneficiar qualquer indústria.</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc">
<div id="toctitle">
<h2>Índice</h2>
<span class="toctoggle">&nbsp;[<a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#" class="internal" id="togglelink">esconder</a>]&nbsp;</span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#Hist.C3.B3ria"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">História</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#Descri.C3.A7.C3.A3o"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Descrição</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#Origens"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Origens</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#Lean_startup"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Lean startup</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#Defini.C3.A7.C3.B5es"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Definições</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#Produto_vi.C3.A1vel_m.C3.ADnimo"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Produto viável mínimo</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#Desenvolvimento_cont.C3.ADnuo"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Desenvolvimento contínuo</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#Testes_A.2FB"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Testes A/B</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#M.C3.A9tricas_de_vaidade"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Métricas de vaidade</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#Piv.C3.B4"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Pivô</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#O_movimento"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">O movimento</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#Refer.C3.AAncias"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Referências</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#Liga.C3.A7.C3.B5es_externas"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Ligações externas</span></a></li>
</ul>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Hist.C3.B3ria">História</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lean_startup&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar seção: História">editar</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Eric Ries desenvolveu a idéia de Lean Startup de suas experiências como conselheiro, empregado e fundador de startups.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimesunboxed_9-0" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-nytimesunboxed-9">9</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-wired_10-0" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-wired-10">10</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-businessweek_11-0" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-businessweek-11">11</a></sup> A sua primeira startup, Catalyst Recruiting, falhou porque eles não entenderam as necessidades dos seus consumidores alvo e porque eles focaram tempo e energia demais no lançamento do produto inicial.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters_12-0" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-reuters-12">12</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-thisweekinventurecapital_13-0" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-thisweekinventurecapital-13">13</a></sup> Depois da Catalyst, Ries trabalhou como engenheiro de software senior na There, Inc.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters_12-1" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-reuters-12">12</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-thisweekinventurecapital_13-1" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-thisweekinventurecapital-13">13</a></sup> Ries descreve a There, Inc. como um exemplo clássico de uma startup do Vale do Silício com cinco anos de discrição em <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesquisa_e_desenvolvimento" title="Pesquisa e desenvolvimento">P&amp;D</a>, 40 milhões de dólares de financiamento e aproximadamente 200 empregados no momento de lançamento do produto.<sup id="cite_ref-thisweekinventurecapital_13-2" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-thisweekinventurecapital-13">13</a></sup> Em 2003, a There, Inc. lançou seu produto, o There.com, mas eles não foram capazes de angariar popularidade além dos early adopters.<sup id="cite_ref-thisweekinventurecapital_13-3" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-thisweekinventurecapital-13">13</a></sup> Ries afirma que apesar das muitas causas para o fracasso, o erro mais importante foi que “a visão da empresa era quase concreta demais”, fazendo com que fosse impossível ver que o produto deles não representava a demanda dos consumidores com precisão.<sup id="cite_ref-thisweekinventurecapital_13-4" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-thisweekinventurecapital-13">13</a></sup></p>
<p>Embora o dinheiro perdido diferiu em ordens de magnitude, as falhas da There, Inc. e da Catalyst Recruiting compartilhavam de origens similares, com Ries afirmando que "era como se você estivesse trabalhando a frente da tecnologia ao invés de trabalhar atrás dos resultados de negócios que você está tentando alcançar."<sup id="cite_ref-xconomy_14-0" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-xconomy-14">14</a></sup> Ries começou a desenvolver a filosofia de lean startup a partir destas experiências, e outras, observadas por ter trabalhado no mundo empresarial de alta tecnologia.<sup id="cite_ref-thisweekinventurecapital_13-5" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-thisweekinventurecapital-13">13</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-wealthfrontadvisorsbio_15-0" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-wealthfrontadvisorsbio-15">15</a></sup></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Descri.C3.A7.C3.A3o">Descrição</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lean_startup&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar seção: Descrição">editar</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Origens">Origens</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lean_startup&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar seção: Origens">editar</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>A filosofia da lean startup é baseada na <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_manufacturing" title="Lean manufacturing">lean manufacturing</a>, traduzível como manufatura enxuta, a filosofia de produção otimizada desenvolvida na décade de 1980 pelos fabricantes de automóveis <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%A3o" title="Japão">japonêses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wisegeekleanmanufacturing_16-0" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-wisegeekleanmanufacturing-16">16</a></sup> O sistema de manufatura enxuta considera o gasto de recursos para qualquer outro objetivo que não a criação de valor para o cliente final como um desperdício, e portanto, um alvo para a eliminação. Em particular, o sistema concentra-se em estrategicamente colocar pequenas pilhas de inventário, conhecidas como <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanban" title="Kanban">kanban</a>, ao longo da linha de montagem, em oposição a armazenar o estoque completo num armazém centralizado.<sup id="cite_ref-wisegeekleanmanufacturing_16-1" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-wisegeekleanmanufacturing-16">16</a></sup> Estes kabans fornecem aos trabalhadores de produção as entradas necessárias para produzir a medida que os necessitam, e assim, reduzir o desperdício e aumentar a produtividade.<sup id="cite_ref-wisegeekleanmanufacturing_16-2" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-wisegeekleanmanufacturing-16">16</a></sup> Além disso, postos de controle de qualidade imediatos podem identificar erros ou imperfeições durante a montagem o mais cedo possível para garantir que a menor quantidade de tempo é gasto desenvolvendo um produto com defeito.<sup id="cite_ref-wisegeekleanmanufacturing_16-3" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-wisegeekleanmanufacturing-16">16</a></sup> Um outro foco primário do sistema de gestão enxuta é a de manter ligações estreitas com os fornecedores, a fim de compreender os desejos de seus consumidores.</p>
<p>Em 2008, Ries levou o conselho de seus mentores e desenvolveu a idéia para a lean startup, usando suas experiências pessoais para adaptar os princípios de gerenciamento enxuto para o mundo de alta tecnologia das startups.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters_12-2" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-reuters-12">12</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-inc_17-0" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-inc-17">17</a></sup> Em setembro de 2008, Ries foi o primeiro a criar o termo no seu blog, Startups Lessons Learned, em uma postagem chamada "A startup enxuta".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-18">18</a></sup></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Lean_startup">Lean startup</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lean_startup&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar seção: Lean startup">editar</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Similar aos preceitos do gerenciamento enxuto, a filosofia de lean startup de Ries pretende eliminar práticas de desperdício e aumentar práticas de produção de valor durante a fase de desenvolvimento do produto, para que as startups possam ter melhores chances de sucesso sem necessitar grandes quantidades de financiamento externo, planos de negócios elaborados ou o produto perfeito.<sup id="cite_ref-inc_17-1" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-inc-17">17</a></sup> Ries acredita que o feedback do consumidor durante o desenvolvimento do produto é parte integrante do processo de lean startup e garante que o produtor não invista tempo projetando recursos ou serviços que o consumidor não quer.<sup id="cite_ref-wallstreetjournal_19-0" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-wallstreetjournal-19">19</a></sup> Isto é feito primariamente através de dois processos, utilizando indicadores chaves de desempenho e um processo de implantação contínua.<sup id="cite_ref-techcrunchproduct_20-0" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-techcrunchproduct-20">20</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-wiredideas_21-0" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-wiredideas-21">21</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-techcrunch_22-0" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-techcrunch-22">22</a></sup> Já que startups tipicamente não podem se dar ao luxo de ter todo seu investimento depender no sucesso de um único lançamento do produto, Ries mantém que ao lançar um produto viável mínimo que não está finalizado, a empresa pode então fazer uso do feedback do cliente para ajudar ainda mais o seu produto a adaptar-se as necessidades específicas de seus consumidores.<sup id="cite_ref-wiredideas_21-1" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-wiredideas-21">21</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-inc_17-2" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-inc-17">17</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-mikebutcher_23-0" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-mikebutcher-23">23</a></sup></p>
<p>A filosofia de lean startup leva startups baseadas na web ou em tecnologia para longe da ideologia de seus antecessores da era ponto-com a fim de antigir o custo-benefício de produção através de construção mínima do produto e aferição do feedback do consumidor.<sup id="cite_ref-xconomy_14-1" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-xconomy-14">14</a></sup> Ries afirma que "(lean startup) não tem nada ver com quanto dinheiro a empresa levanta", e sim que tem tudo a ver com a avaliação das demandas específicas dos consumidores e como atender a essa demanda usando a menor quantidade de recursos possíveis.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters_12-3" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-reuters-12">12</a></sup></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Defini.C3.A7.C3.B5es">Definições</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lean_startup&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar seção: Definições">editar</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>No seu blog e livro, Ries usa uma terminologia específica sobre os princípios principais de uma lean startup.</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Produto_vi.C3.A1vel_m.C3.ADnimo">Produto viável mínimo</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lean_startup&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar seção: Produto viável mínimo">editar</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Um produto viável mínimo (<b>PVM</b>) é a “versão de um novo produto que permite a equipe coletar a quantidade máxima de aprendizagem validadas sobre clientes com o mínimo esforço.”<sup id="cite_ref-leanstartupbook_24-0" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-leanstartupbook-24">24</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-25">25</a></sup> O objetivo do PVM é testar hipóteses de negócios fundamentais e ajudar os empreendedores começarem o processo de aprendizagem o mais rápido possível.<sup id="cite_ref-leanstartupbook_24-1" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-leanstartupbook-24">24</a></sup> Como um exemplo, Ries observa que o fundador do Zappos, Nick Swinmum, queria testar a hipótese que os consumidores estavam preparados e dispostos a comprar sapatos online.<sup id="cite_ref-leanstartupbook_24-2" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-leanstartupbook-24">24</a></sup> Ao invés de construir um website e grande banco de dados de calçados, Swinmum abordou lojas locais, tirou fotos de seu inventário, colocou as fotos online, comprou os sapatos das lojas pelo preço completo, e os vendeu diretamente para clientes que compraram os sapatos pelo seu website.<sup id="cite_ref-leanstartupbook_24-3" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-leanstartupbook-24">24</a></sup> Swinmum deduziu que a demanda dos consumidores estava presente, e Zappos iria eventualmente crescer em um negócio de bilhões de dólares baseado no modelo de venda online de sapatos.<sup id="cite_ref-leanstartupbook_24-4" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-leanstartupbook-24">24</a></sup></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Desenvolvimento_cont.C3.ADnuo">Desenvolvimento contínuo</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lean_startup&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar seção: Desenvolvimento contínuo">editar</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Desenvolvimento contínuo é um processo “onde todo código que é escrito para uma aplicação é imediatamente implantado em produção,” o que resulta em uma redução do tempo de ciclo.<sup id="cite_ref-oreillyradarcontinuousdeployment_26-0" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-oreillyradarcontinuousdeployment-26">26</a></sup> Ries afirma que algumas empresas em que ele trabalhou, implantavam novo código em produção com uma frequência de 50 vezes por dia.<sup id="cite_ref-oreillyradarcontinuousdeployment_26-1" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-oreillyradarcontinuousdeployment-26">26</a></sup> A frase foi criada por Timothy Fitz, um dos colegas de Ries e engenheiro na IMVU.<sup id="cite_ref-leanstartupbook_24-5" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-leanstartupbook-24">24</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-27">27</a></sup></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Testes_A.2FB">Testes A/B</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lean_startup&action=edit&section=8" title="Editar seção: Testes A/B">editar</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Teste A/B é um experimento no qual “diferentes versões de um produto são oferecidos aos clientes, ao mesmo tempo.” O objetivo deste teste é observar as mudanças no comportamento entre os dois grupos e medir o impacto de cada versão.<sup id="cite_ref-leanstartupbook_24-6" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-leanstartupbook-24">24</a></sup></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="M.C3.A9tricas_de_vaidade">Métricas de vaidade</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lean_startup&action=edit&section=9" title="Editar seção: Métricas de vaidade">editar</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Métricas de vaidade são medidas do tipo: usuários cadastrados, downloads e acessos ao website.<sup id="cite_ref-techcrunch_22-1" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-techcrunch-22">22</a></sup> Elas dão “a imagem mais otimista possível” e não têm necessariamente correlação com os números que realmente importam para o negócio (chamados de métricas acionáveis), como envolvimento, custos de aquisição de usuário, usuários ativos e ultimamente, o lucro.<sup id="cite_ref-4hww_28-0" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-4hww-28">28</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-leanstartupbook_24-7" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-leanstartupbook-24">24</a></sup></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Piv.C3.B4">Pivô</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lean_startup&action=edit&section=10" title="Editar seção: Pivô">editar</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Um pivô é uma “correção de curso estruturado para testar uma nova hipótese fundamental sobre o produto, estratégia ou motor de crescimento.”<sup id="cite_ref-leanstartupbook_24-8" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-leanstartupbook-24">24</a></sup> Um exemplo notável de empresa que adota o pivô é o Groupon; quando a empresa começou, ela era uma plataforma online de ativismo chamada The Point.<sup id="cite_ref-fastcompany_29-0" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-fastcompany-29">29</a></sup> Depois de receber quase nenhuma reação, os fundadores abriram um blog Wordpress e lançaram sua primeira promoção de coupom para uma pizzaria localizada no saguão do edifício.<sup id="cite_ref-fastcompany_29-1" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-fastcompany-29">29</a></sup> Embora eles tenham recebido somente 20 resgates, os fundadores perceberam que a idéia foi significativa, e tinham ajudado pessoas a se coordenarem para uma ação de grupo com sucesso.<sup id="cite_ref-fastcompany_29-2" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-fastcompany-29">29</a></sup> Três anos depois, o Groupon iria crescer em um negócio de um bilhão de dólares.</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="O_movimento">O movimento</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lean_startup&action=edit&section=11" title="Editar seção: O movimento">editar</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Depois de introduzir o conceito no seu blog, <i>Startup Lessons Learned</i>, a filosofia de lean startup de Ries se tornou vastamente popular dentro das startups de tecnologia do <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vale_do_Sil%C3%ADcio" title="Vale do Silício">Vale do Silício</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-xconomy_14-2" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-xconomy-14">14</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-sprouter_30-0" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-sprouter-30">30</a></sup> Ries agora faz parte de vários conselhos para empresas e fundos de investimentos, frequentemente dá entrevistas e faz apresentações sobre lean startups e também criou sua conferência de tecnologia anual chamada de Startup Lessons Learned.<sup id="cite_ref-xconomy_14-3" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-xconomy-14">14</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-mediabistro_31-0" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-mediabistro-31">31</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-reuters_12-4" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-reuters-12">12</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-cnbc_32-0" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-cnbc-32">32</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-businessweek_11-1" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-businessweek-11">11</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-thisweekinventurecapital_13-6" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-thisweekinventurecapital-13">13</a></sup> Ries viaja constantemente para divulgar a filosofia de Lean Startup em conferências e estima que encontros sobre Lean Startup em cidades ao redor do mundo reune 20.000 participantes regulares.<sup id="cite_ref-xconomy_14-4" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-xconomy-14">14</a></sup> Até o momento em 2012, existem encontros sobre lean startup em mais de 100 cidades e 17 países.<sup id="cite_ref-agilemarketing_33-0" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-agilemarketing-33">33</a></sup> Organizadores terceirizados tem liderado encontros em <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin" title="Austin">Austin</a>, <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing,_China" title="Beijing, China" class="mw-redirect">Beijing, China</a>, <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> e <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, entre outros, muitos dos quais contam com a participação pessoal de Ries, com os encontros de Lean Startup de <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Iorque" title="Nova Iorque">Nova Iorque</a> atraindo mais de 2.500 membros.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-34">34</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-35">35</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-36">36</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-37">37</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-38">38</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-39">39</a></sup> Ries sediou o Lean Startup Track no <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_by_Southwest" title="South by Southwest">SXSW 2012</a> com Dave McClure, Steve Blank, Robert Scoble e outras dezenas de empreendedores e investidores.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-40">40</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-41">41</a></sup></p>
<p>Várias empresas de alta tecnologia promissoras têm começado a publicamente implantar a filosofia de Lean Startup, incluindo, <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intuit" title="Intuit">Intuit</a>, DropBox, Wealthfront, Votizen, Aardvark (engenho de busca) e Grockit.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimesunboxed_9-1" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-nytimesunboxed-9">9</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-wallstreetjournal_19-1" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-wallstreetjournal-19">19</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-42">42</a></sup> Os princípios da Lean Startup também são ensinados na <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Business_School" title="Harvard Business School">Harvard Business School</a> e são implementados no governo municipal através do Code for America.<sup id="cite_ref-wiredupstart_43-0" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-wiredupstart-43">43</a></sup></p>
<p>Em adição, o <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governo_Federal_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Governo Federal dos Estados Unidos">Governo Federal dos Estados Unidos</a> tem começado recentemente a empregar várias idéias do lean startup, criadas por Ries. O Chefe Federal de Informação dos Estados Unidos, Steven VanRoekel, observou que ele está tomando a “abordagem lean startup para o governo.”<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-44">44</a></sup> Ries também tem trabalhado com o antigo e atual Chefe de Tecnologia dos Estados Unidos, Aneesh Chopra e Todd Park, respectivamente, para implementar aspectos do modelo de lean startup no <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governo_Federal_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Governo Federal dos Estados Unidos">Governo Federal dos Estados Unidos</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-45">45</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-46">46</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-47">47</a></sup> Em particular, Park notou que em ordem para entender a demanda do consumidor, o Departamento de Serviços de Saúde e Humanos, reconheceu “a necessidade de rapidamente prototipar soluções, envolver os clientes naquelas soluções o mais cedo possível, e então rapidamente e repetidamente iterar sob aquelas soluções baseadas no trabalho com os clientes.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-48">48</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-49">49</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-50">50</a></sup> Em maio de 2012, Ries e a <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_Branca" title="Casa Branca">Casa Branca</a> anunciaram o programa Presidential Innovation Fellows, que junta cidadãos inovadores e oficiais do governo para trabalhar em projetos de alto nível e entregar resultados mensuráveis em seis meses.<sup id="cite_ref-thewhitehouse_51-0" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-thewhitehouse-51">51</a></sup></p>
<p><i>Portfolio.com</i> chamou 2011 "o ano da lean startup," e a <i><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_Company" title="Fast Company">Fast Company</a></i> observou que o movimento é “menos sobre como fazer as startups web terem mais sucesso e enriquecer empreendedores e mais sobre a re-examinação fundamental de como trabalhar no nosso mundo cada vez mais rápido e complicado.”<sup id="cite_ref-fastcompany_29-3" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-fastcompany-29">29</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-portfolio_52-0" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-portfolio-52">52</a></sup> Além disso, o <i><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> observou que a Lean Startup é uma “abordagem fresca para a criação de empresas que têm atraído muita atenção nos últimos anos dos empreendedores, tecnologistas e investidores do Vale do Silício."<sup id="cite_ref-nytimesrise_53-0" class="reference"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_note-nytimesrise-53">53</a></sup></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Refer.C3.AAncias">Referências</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lean_startup&action=edit&section=12" title="Editar seção: Referências">editar</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="reflist references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://gigaom.com/2009/08/11/the-promise-of-the-lean-startup/">[1]</a></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://timothyfitz.wordpress.com/2009/02/10/continuous-deployment-at-imvu-doing-the-impossible-fifty-times-a-day/">[2]</a></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.svforum.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=Calendar.eventDetail&eventID=13703">Applied Lean Startup Ideas: Continuous Deployment at kaChing</a></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.startuplessonslearned.com/2009/12/what-is-lean-about-lean-startup.html">[3]</a></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.ashmaurya.com/2009/12/achieving-flow-in-a-lean-startup/">[4]</a></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-def-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-def_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">W. S. Junk, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.cs.uidaho.edu/~billjunk/Publications/DynamicBalance.pdf">"The Dynamic Balance Between Cost, Schedule, Features, and Quality in Software Development Projects"</a>, Computer Science Dept., University of Idaho, SEPM-001, abril de 2000.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://startuplessonslearned.blogspot.com/2009/03/minimum-viable-product.html">Venture Hacks interview: "What is the minimum viable product?"</a>, Lessons Learned, por Eric Ries, 23 de março de 2009.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amazon.com/Four-Steps-Epiphany-Steven-Blank/dp/0976470705"><i>The Four Steps to the Epiphany</i></a></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-nytimesunboxed-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-nytimesunboxed_9-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-nytimesunboxed_9-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Lohr, Steve. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/25/business/25unboxed.html?_r=1">The Rise of the Fleet-Footed Start-Up</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. Abril 24, 2010.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-wired-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-wired_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Solon, Olivia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wired.com/epicenter/2012/01/eric-ries-lean-startup/all/1">Interview: Eric Ries, Author Of The Lean Startup</a>. <i>Wired</i>. Janeiro 17, 2012.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-businessweek-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-businessweek_11-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-businessweek_11-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=246490&privcapId=25509168&previousCapId=25509168&previousTitle=IMVU,%20Inc.">Eric Ries</a>. <i>Business Week</i>.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-reuters-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-reuters_12-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-reuters_12-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-reuters_12-2">c</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-reuters_12-3">d</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-reuters_12-4">e</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Loizos, Connie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.reuters.com/small-business/2011/05/26/lean-startup-evangelist-eric-ries-is-just-getting-started/">“Lean Startup” evangelist Eric Ries is just getting started</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. Maio 26, 2011.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-thisweekinventurecapital-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-thisweekinventurecapital_13-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-thisweekinventurecapital_13-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-thisweekinventurecapital_13-2">c</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-thisweekinventurecapital_13-3">d</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-thisweekinventurecapital_13-4">e</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-thisweekinventurecapital_13-5">f</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-thisweekinventurecapital_13-6">g</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">[Venture Capital: Eric Ries, author of "The Lean Startup"]. <i>YouTube</i>. Novembro 21, 2009.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-xconomy-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-xconomy_14-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-xconomy_14-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-xconomy_14-2">c</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-xconomy_14-3">d</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-xconomy_14-4">e</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Roush, Wade. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xconomy.com/san-francisco/2011/07/06/eric-ries-the-face-of-the-lean-startup-movement-on-how-a-once-insane-idea-went-mainstream/">Eric Ries, the Face of the Lean Startup Movement, on How a Once-Insane Idea Went Mainstream</a>. <i>Xconomy</i>. July 6, 2011.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-wealthfrontadvisorsbio-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-wealthfrontadvisorsbio_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wealth Front. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wealthfront.com/advisors">Advisors to Weathfront</a>. <i>Wealthfront Inc.</i>. 2012.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-wisegeekleanmanufacturing-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-wisegeekleanmanufacturing_16-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-wisegeekleanmanufacturing_16-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-wisegeekleanmanufacturing_16-2">c</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-wisegeekleanmanufacturing_16-3">d</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-lean-manufacturing.htm">What is Lean Manufacturing?</a>. <i>wiseGEEK</i>.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-inc-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-inc_17-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-inc_17-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-inc_17-2">c</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inc.com/magazine/201110/eric-ries-usability-testing-product-development.html">Creating the Lean Startup</a>. <i>Inc. Magazine</i>. Outubro 2011.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.startuplessonslearned.com/2008/09/lean-startup.html">The lean startup</a>. <i>Startup Lessons Learned</i>. Setembro 8, 2008.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-wallstreetjournal-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-wallstreetjournal_19-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-wallstreetjournal_19-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Tam, Pui-Wing. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704635204575242543105830072.html?dbk">Philosophy Helps Start-Ups Move Faster</a>. <i>The Wall Street Journal</i>. Maio 20, 2010.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-techcrunchproduct-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-techcrunchproduct_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ries, Eric. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://techcrunch.com/2011/09/11/are-you-building-the-right-product/">Are You Building The Right Product?</a> “ <i>TechCrunch</i>. September 11, 2011.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-wiredideas-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-wiredideas_21-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-wiredideas_21-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Adler, Carlye. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wired.com/magazine/2011/08/st_qareis/">Ideas Are Overrated: Startup Guru Eric Ries' Radical New Theory</a>. <i>Wired</i>. August 30, 2011.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-techcrunch-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-techcrunch_22-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-techcrunch_22-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Schonfeld, Erick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://techcrunch.com/2011/07/30/vanity-metrics/">Don’t Be Fooled By Vanity Metrics</a>. <i>Tech Crunch</i>. July 30, 2011.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-mikebutcher-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-mikebutcher_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Butcher, Mike. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://soundcloud.com/mikebutcher/ries">Interview with Eric Ries, author, The Lean Startup</a>. Janeiro 17, 2012.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-leanstartupbook-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-leanstartupbook_24-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-leanstartupbook_24-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-leanstartupbook_24-2">c</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-leanstartupbook_24-3">d</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-leanstartupbook_24-4">e</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-leanstartupbook_24-5">f</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-leanstartupbook_24-6">g</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-leanstartupbook_24-7">h</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-leanstartupbook_24-8">i</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite><span class="citation" id="Ries2011"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Ries</span>, Eric. <i>The Lean Startup: How Today's Entrepreneurs Use Continuous Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses</i>. [S.l.]:&nbsp;Crown Publishing, 2011. p.&nbsp;103. <small><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780307887917" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-307-88791-7</a></small></span></cite></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ries, Eric. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.startuplessonslearned.com/2009/08/minimum-viable-product-guide.html">Minimum Viable Product: a guide</a>. <i>Startup Lessons Learned</i>. Augusto 3, 2009.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-oreillyradarcontinuousdeployment-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-oreillyradarcontinuousdeployment_26-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-oreillyradarcontinuousdeployment_26-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Ries, Eric. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://radar.oreilly.com/2009/03/continuous-deployment-5-eas.html">Continuous deployment in 5 easy steps</a>. <i>O'Reilly Radar</i>. Março 30, 2009.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timothyfitz.wordpress.com/2009/02/10/continuous-deployment-at-imvu-doing-the-impossible-fifty-times-a-day/">Continuous Deployment at IMVU: Doing the impossible fifty times a day</a>. <i>Timothy Fitz</i>. Fevereiro 10, 2009.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-4hww-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-4hww_28-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ferriss, Tim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fourhourworkweek.com/blog/2009/05/19/vanity-metrics-vs-actionable-metrics/">Vanity Metrics vs. Actionable Metrics – Guest Post by Eric Ries</a>. Maio 19, 2009.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-fastcompany-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-fastcompany_29-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-fastcompany_29-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-fastcompany_29-2">c</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-fastcompany_29-3">d</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Penenberg, Adam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fastcompany.com/1778706/eric-ries-is-a-lean-startup-machine">Eric Ries Is A Lean Startup Machine</a>. <i>Fast Company</i>. Setembro 8, 2011.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-sprouter-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-sprouter_30-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bury, Erin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sprouter.com/blog/how-eric-ries-changed-the-framework-for-startup-success/">How Eric Ries Changed the Framework for Startup Success</a>. <i>Sprouter</i>. Dezembro 7, 2011.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-mediabistro-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-mediabistro_31-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Glenn, Devon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mediabistro.com/fishbowlny/eric-ries-on-what-every-startup-should-ask-their-customers_b15869">Eric Ries on What Every Startup Should Ask Their Customers</a>. <i>Media Bistro</i>. Agosto 9, 2010</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-cnbc-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-cnbc_32-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wellons, Mary Catherine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnbc.com/id/44581554">Startup Lessons From a Pro: Eric Ries on ‘The Lean Startup’</a>. <i>TechCrunch</i>. Setembro 19, 2011.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-agilemarketing-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-agilemarketing_33-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ewel, Jim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agilemarketing.net/lean/">Why Marketing Must Also be Lean</a>. <i>Agile Marketing</i>. Março 3, 2012.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Faircloth, Kelly. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://betabeat.com/2012/05/new-york-tech-meetup-lyst-newsme-startupgenome/">Startup News: Let’s Launch the Summer with a New York Tech Meetup and Loads of New Features</a>. <i>BetaBeat</i>. Maio 30, 2012.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thousandseeds3.eventbrite.com/">Eric Ries - Lean Startup Dublin</a>. <i>Eventbrite</i>.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilson, Fred. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.businessinsider.com/2011-09-16/tech/30164268_1_venture-capital-flatiron-vc">Lean</a>. <i>Business Insider</i>. Setembro 16, 2011.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Goodison, Donna. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hispanicbusiness.com/2011/9/27/lean_startup_guru_shares_his_secrets.htm">'Lean Startup' Guru Shares His Secrets</a>. <i>Hispanic Business</i>. Setembro 27, 2011.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meetup.com/Lean-Startup-Rio/">Lean Startup Rio</a>. <i>Meetup</i>.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meetup.com/Lean-Startup-Beijing-China/">Lean Startup Meetup Beijing</a>. <i>Meetup</i>.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://leanstartupsxsw.co/">The Lean Startup</a>. <i>SXSW</i>.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sxsw.com/node/9730">Lean Startup Author Eric Ries Added to 2012 Programming</a>. <i>SXSW</i>.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theleanstartup.com/casestudies">Case Studies</a>. <i>The Lean Startup</i>.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-wiredupstart-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-wiredupstart_43-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Greenwald, Ted. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wired.com/epicenter/2012/05/ff_gururies/all/1">Upstart Eric Ries Has the Stage and the Crowd Is Going Wild</a>. <i>Wired</i>. Maio 18, 2012.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stacy, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.siliconprairienews.com/2012/04/u-s-cio-vanroekel-talks-startups-savings-new-tech-in-iowa-visit">U.S. CIO VanRoekel talks startups, savings, new tech in Iowa visit</a>. <i>Silicon Prarie News</i>. Abril 5, 2012.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.startuplessonslearned.com/2012/05/lean-government.html">Lean Government</a>. <i>Startup Lessons Learned</i>. Maio 30, 2012.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fedscoop.com/radio/government-as-a-startup-with-the-lean-startup-author-eric-ries/">Government as a Startup with ‘The Lean Startup’ Author Eric Ries</a>. <i>Fed Scoop Radio</i>. Março 19, 2012.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">McKendrick, Joe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/business-brains/in-search-of-the-us-governments-inner-startup-federal-cio/19642">In search of the US government’s inner ’startup:’ federal CIO</a>. <i>Smartplanet</i>. Outubro 28, 2011.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.fda.gov/fdavoice/index.php/2012/04/making-a-difference-innovation-pathway-and-entrepreneurs-in-residence/">Making a Difference: Innovation Pathway and Entrepreneurs in Residence</a> <i>U.S. Food and Drug Administration</i>. Abril 10, 2012.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Foley, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informationweek.com/news/government/leadership/232901153">Busting Through The Federal IT Budget Ceiling</a>. <i>InformationWeek</i>. Abril 30, 2012.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilson, Paul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.netmagazine.com/opinions/top-five-lean-startup-myths">The top five Lean Startup myths</a>. <i>Net Magazine</i>. Abril 2, 2012.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-thewhitehouse-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-thewhitehouse_51-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Park, Todd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2012/05/23/wanted-few-good-women-and-men-serve-presidential-innovation-fellows">Wanted: A Few Good Women and Men to Serve as Presidential Innovation Fellows</a>. <i>The White House Blog</i>. Maio 23, 2012.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-portfolio-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-portfolio_52-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernhard, Jr., Kent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portfolio.com/business-news/2011/12/30/eric-ries-lean-startup-approach-catches-fire-in-2011">The Biggest Idea of 2011: Think Lean</a>. <i>Portfolio.com</i>. Dezembro 30, 2011.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-nytimesrise-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_startup#cite_ref-nytimesrise_53-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lohr, Steve. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/25/business/25unboxed.html?adxnnl=1&ref=business&adxnnlx=1330456306-jYFBbP2+5qHkrwFi7YwBQA">The Rise of the Fleet-Footed Start-Up</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. Abril 24, 2010.</span></li>
</ol>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Liga.C3.A7.C3.B5es_externas">Ligações externas</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lean_startup&action=edit&section=13" title="Editar seção: Ligações externas">editar</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://leanstartup.pbworks.com/">The Lean Startup Wiki</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web20show.com/2010/03/episode-72-the-lean-startup-eric-ries/">Entrevista com Eric Ries sobre a metodologia de <i>lean startup</i></a> (em <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_inglesa" title="Língua inglesa">inglês</a>) e <a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empreendedorismo" title="Empreendedorismo">empreendedorismo</a> .</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.startuplessonslearned.com/2008/09/lean-startup.html">The Lean Startup - First Blog Post</a> Eric Ries introduz a expressão <i>lean startup</i> no seu blog, <i>Startup Lessons Learned</i>.</li>
</ul>


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